Thank You for Arguing Chapter 28

                            Yay! Last chapter. I will be completely honest, I did not care for this book all that much. Not to say that I didn't find certain points to be very interesting and I learned quite a few enlightening things, but I wouldn't say that it was one of the most enjoyable experienced ever. However, I did absolutely love In Cold Blood, and I understand the need to have one book for enjoyment and one for education. So, with that in mind, here is my final blog post.

                            So many things in our life go uncredited to the rhetoric from a church's mass, the medical terms, to even the creation of America. That's right. Our hot dog crazed country has everything to be thankful for because of the ancient Greeks and Romans with their expert understandings of the rhetoric. Out forefathers understood the importance of having a good argument and why they are necessary to society. After all, how could we ever express and share our ideas with the world if not for debates, speeches, books, etc. This is why we have so many debates and conventions for presidential nominees. Because the people need to understand them in order to desire of they want to vote for them. The Greeks, knew it, the Romans, knew it, the great leaders of the world have known it, and hopefully, we know it.

Thank You for Arguing Chapter 27

                              In any type of fight, whether it is a sport, a battle, an argument, etc, has at least one thing in common: the use of offense and defense. Offense is the act of att king your opponent, while defense is the act of defending yourself from an opponent's attack. The way I like to think of it is like soccer. There is a horizontal line in the middle of a soccer field that divides the two teams. If you are on your side, then you are in the defense mode. If you are on the opponent's side, then you are in the offensive mode. The same applies for an argument. There is always a clear line dividing whether of not your are defending yourself or attacking the other side, and of course there are methods in hoe to be successful on each side. When you are in defense and you don't know what to say, conceding, and then try redefining your concession. For example, you were called out for calling a Red Vine a Twizler in your speech about the dangers of candy, and you are now in the defensive mode. You are not sure what to say to get out of this, so you try conceding and redefine your concession by saying that some people would call it Red Vines, and others would call it Twizlers. Then, you switch to the future tense and say that both of these candies are bad for you and we must work to educate young children about their harmful effects starting now. For offense, try thinking of your goal, set the tense, and know you audience's values and commonplaces. Then use ethos pathos and logos to attack your opponent using their values and commonplaces to your advantage.

Thank You for Arguing Chapter 26

                                  There is a classic method of creating a good and effective speech. This method was perfected by Marcus Tullius Cicero. This method requires putting your speech in the order of: introduction, narration, division, proof, refutation, and conclusion. To have a successful introduction, it is important to establish character right at the beginning of your speech. Allowing your audience to get a feel for who you are can lead to a nice segue to your narration. You should use your narration to tell your story, this can also include the stories of others who you would want the audience to link you too like hard working parents or your favorite role model. This leads us to the division. A good speech giver uses the division to represent both sides, her own in the most glowing terms, and her opponents'. However, you shouldn't be too obvious about it condemning the other side. It sounds much better to sound let down by the opponents wrongheadedness then to flat out say that they were wrong or stupid. Then, you need the proof of your argument. Using proof sets you aside as not just a good speech giver that sounds nice, but a good speech giver that sounds nice that knows what they are talking about. Now, here comes the fun part, full on att king you opponent. You can do this as classy or as nastily as you would like, but you need to use all of the traction that you have gained up to this point to destroy you opponent. After you are done, you can reach your conclusion. The end of a good speech should be both a summery of your speech and a call to action from your audience to band together with you. Add on a closing statement, and you have yourself one good speech.

Thank You for Arguing Chapter 25

                                        Thank of a well planned out argument like an essay ascertainment. It needs to be clean, clear, have a solid start, middle and end, be well thought out, and have a good delivery. Therefore, I have put these skills from the book into a step by step process. 

Step one: did up the materials for your speech so you can look professional.

Step two: start your introduction and make sure to use your ethos here to look important.

Step tree: do your narration, division, proof, and refuting with a lot of logos

Step four: reach your conclusion in which you can get emotional

                                           It should be noted that a good argument should be memorized. If you have to constantly look at note cards or consistently stumble, you will seem less credible. And don't forget to preform your argument,. Be even a touch theatrical. People enjoy watching people that are fun and happy, not stiff and boring. Anything can be cool if you work hard enough to sell it.

Thank You for Arguing Chapter 24

                                             One thing that people don't tend to know is that our senses can are pathos, ethos, and logos a well the rest of our bodies. This can make a lot of sense if you just think about it. Sound is our most logical, or logos, sense. If we here something that sounds logical an/or true, it is much easier for us to blindly believe it. An example of this can be the thousands of religions now and in the past. People need and needed a simple answer that could answer all of life's issues and will usually choose whichever one sounds the best to them. Smell, taste, and touch are all purely emotional, or pathos. When you eat a really good piece of fruit, you enjoy it. You can't eat a fruit and have it taste 'logical'. We eat things to give us joy. Same with touch. Would you rather touch a slimy dirty dish or a puppy? Obviously you would choose the dog because it sounds more fun and appealing. And lastly, sight is both ethos and pathos, but slightly more pathos. This is because we are basically trained to judge things and a bid part of judging is by examining someone's personal appearance and to assume their status as a person. This would be our automatic ethos setting in, but even with that at play, our emotions can usually get the better of us. Would you rather talk to this petty woman or feed a homeless man? Let's hope you said homeless man.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 23

                                  The term "patience is a virtue" couldn't be more true in arguing. They say that the formula for comedy is time plus suffering, so what would be the proper formula for a good argument? Well, i guess it is safe to say that there isn't one, but there is one way to use time to make a good argument, almost exactly how it is used in comedy. The ancients had a word for it: kairos, the art of seizing the perfect instant for persuasion. Just like parents have their "parenting moment"-an opportunity to make a point-persuaders have their persuasive moment. A person with kairos knows how to spot when an audience is most vulnerable to her point of view, and then exploit the opportunity as much as possible. Say you wanted to convince an enemy of yours to come to school in a clown suit. First of all, that is pure evil. Second of all, this is not something that would be easy to convince someone of. So, you use your sneaky skills to find out that your enemy works for student counsel and recently got in trouble for not reading the school's emails and missing meetings. Now you know that if you send this person an email with a similar address as the school, they will most likely do whatever that email says to save their booties. You are using kairos by seizing the perfect instant for persuasion. You send that fake email and your enemy is at school the next day dressed like a clown. You then have yourself an evil laugh and go about your day.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 22

                                               You know all that stuff we were taught when we were kids about admitting when we've made mistakes and apologizing? Well, we are going to take the Donald Trump route because we will have none of that. Never apologize. If you screw up, just respond with something that makes you look even better right after, but don't do it in a way that talks down to your audience. Of course, we need some humility when we are arguing, so if you make a mistake, simply express your feelings of not living up to your own standards. Ex: say you were trying to sell a car and you accidentally get one of your statistics wrong. Instead of apologizing for giving out the wrong information, say something like, "Oh my goodness i cannot believe that i got that statistic wrong. You see, our dealership puts us workers in a six week long training course to learn everything about our cars. It really shows our dedication to giving our clients the best possible experience." Now, you have made up for your mistake, have avoided apologizing, haven't talked down to your audience, and have actually helped your case on why you audience should buy your car.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 21

                                            If i asked you who your favorite president is, who would you say? Probably one that you thought was kind, shared your views, and, most importantly, one that you could identify with. So why is this? Well, evolution-wise we as a species feel safer when we are around people that we can see ourselves in. This can be used in your favor in an argument. If you can get your audience to identify with you, they will feel as if they have to agree with you because you both are so alike. To do this, you need to get people to describe themselves. Usually, the first thing they mention reveals their best sense of who they are. And most people will do anything to live up to their identity, including agree with you in the right conditions. Also, make sure to sum up the issues in a few words. Really stress the values to your audience. Now, find a representative or piece of the issue that can symbolize those values.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 20

                                  "Ideology" once meant the study of ideas, however, now it means a shared belief. Examples of modern day ideology are: religion, philosophies, etc. Ideas become beliefs when people identify with them and create groups based off of those ideas. When something is an ideology, it becomes very difficult to describe its followers without describing their ideology. It would be very hard to explain a Muslim woman wearing a hijab without explaining its spiritual significance in their religion. The point is, you can turn an idea into a belief in an argument if you can get your audience to truly believe in what you are saying. This can make your audience sympathize with you and really understand your point, as well as want to be accepted by you. There are may arguments in which each party is trying to get the other side to join their ideology because if you can get the audience on your side, you win. Hands down. An example of this would be socialism verses capitalism debates. Each side will attempt to make strong points on their cases to sway the other side into seeing eye to eye with them. One method of getting your audience to share your ideology is using an identity strategy. This strategy states that the surest way to commit an audience to an action is to get them to identify with it, or to see the choice that helps define them as a group. Basically, just make your audience really want to join the bandwagon.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 19

                                 In a perfect world, we could have perfectly rational people having perfectly rational arguments about perfectly rational topics, using perfectly rational speech. Well guess what? But, this is America, and we will have absolutely none of that, thank you very much. In fact, perfectly rational speech can not only be a turn off to many audiences, but can actually distract them from the point that you were trying to make. This is one reason why Aristotle said that logos works better in an intimate setting than in a large crowd. So, to avoid making too much sense, try to focus on the individual value that could bring the group together and identify with you. And while we are on the topic of not being too logical, let us also talk about making your argument as simple as humanly possible for your audience. After all, this is America and we will have none of those pesky big words to justify our free education, thank you very much. One way to do this is by using reverse words. If your opponent says something, odds are they know the antonym to it. So, instead of sounding too smart, just use that. If they say up, you say down. Do not even think of saying downward, declining, descending, dropping, earthward, falling, sinking, sagging, sinking, etc. Nope, down will be much easier to covey, and won't run the risk of boring your audience with its superior intellect. 

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 18

                                             If you wanted to know where many of our well known argument strategies com from, just look at William Shakespeare. He didn't like the traditional strategies of his time, therefore in his writings, he flat out invented absurd ways to win an argument that surprisingly work and are now common staples of any good arguer. Strategy number one: twist a cliche. Cliches are found everywhere, from the knight saving the princess to the villain having no moral compasses. Your job is to throw these cliches out of their orbit to undermine them and make them seem foolish. Why can't the princess save herself? She has the means to and has all the time in the world to hatch a plan. It would be just silly that she would wait for what could possibly be forever just on the hope that a random stranger would come an save her without and fear of sexual harassment. Now this cliche has been lifted and my point is much stronger. Strategy number two: weigh both sides. If you present both sides of an argument to your audience, you are offering them a choice, one that can be shifted in your favor. If you make you side of an argument comparatively better sounding, then it become an obvious choice to your audience which side to choose. Strategy number three: edit yourself out loud. People feel safer around someone that they feel is honest. By correcting your own mistakes out loud, you come off as a much more honest person, and you seem much more educated on your topic, so much so that you even know when you yourself mess up. Strategy four: control your volume. Just like they do in the movies, you can raise and lower your voice to create a certain mood. For example, a loud voice excites and demands attention, while a low one draws your audience in and makes them focus more intently. And lastly, just go full Shakespeare and make up words like there is no tomorrow. Shakespeare was notorious for doing this and it is one of he reasons that his works have lasted so long.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 17

                              Practical wisdom is a common re-occurring theme in this book. Like virtue, it also lies in the mean, or really, the persuader's apparent ability to find the sweet spot.While you do want to know how virtuous the persuader is, you also want to access their ability to make a good choice that will fit your situation (aka: find their sweet spot). This is phronesis, or recognizing the that the sweet spot changes for each audience, and altering it to suit their needs. If you want to sell a couch to a poorer family, you can hit their sweet spot by dropping the price in a way that looks like a major saving. If you are trying to sell that same couch to a family that already has a couch, you can bring up how their old couch can carry bugs and germs that are bad for the children, therefore using their good parenting intuition to urge them to buy your new and clean house. You hit their sweet spot.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 16

                                     As stated in a previous chapter summary, disinterest and virtue, can be a powerful persuasion tools, and they are all ethos. To combat this, simply look for the disconnects. When someone tries to manipulate you through disinterest, look for the short circuits between their needs and yours. The second characteristic of ethos, virtue, also has disconnects. Virtue is a state of character concerned with choice, lying n a mean. This definition makes more sense when you break it down into fragments. "A state of character" means rhetorical virtue that only exists during the argument itself. It adapts the audience's expectations. A woman could be a great mother, but if you believe that she is a bad one, then she is temporarily n that argument. For a moment, it becomes her state of character. "Concerned with choice" is virtue that comes out of the choices that the persuader makes. A persuader lacks rhetorical virtue if they try to prevent a choice from  happening. And lastly, "lying in a mean" is the sweet spot of every question that lies in the middle of extremes. A virtuous teacher would neither be an idiot or self absorbed in their own smartness.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 15

                             There is one very debatable fallacy known as the fallacy of power. The fallacy of power means believe that if the person at the top wants something, then it must be right. This type of argument can be very easily undermined by simply asking, "but how could one person's opinion always be right?", or, "are you just listening to your boss because you are sucking up to them?". However, there are some flaws to the second argument too, such as, "was that argument really fair?", "what if the boss is smart and knows the business better than anyone else?", "would it be such a bad idea to trust their opinion?" The appeal of authority can be a logical fallacy, but it can also be an important ethos tool. This is where pure logic and rhetorical logos separate. In most situations, there are no right or wrong answers, just what is most likely and what is least likely. All of the sudden, our black and white world has become a rainbow of probability. If your boss demands something, then you have good reason to believe it is legitimate, but your audience can use that against you because they are trying to persuade you, not your boss.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 14

                   One mistake that many arguers make is using false comparisons. An example of a false comparison would be something like saying, "fruits contain sugar, fruit is healthy, therefore all forms of sugar are healthy." Not only is this statement untrue, but it was made under a false comparison. This is called the all natural fallacy. The appeal to popularity makes another false comparison. An example of this would be, "If all of your friends jumped off of a bridge, why shouldn't you?" Reductio ad absurdum falsely compares a choice with just another absurd choice. The fallacy antecedent makes a false comparison in time. This would be like saying, "I haven't been in a plain crash, so I will never get in one." This closely relates to false analogy, which targets a certain group of something and claims that they are all the same. This would be like saying, "most rapists are men, therefore, all rapists are men and men are not to be trusted." Finally, the unit fallacy uses illegitimate math to make conclusions. For example, "Hate crimes dropped two percent last year, and four percent this year, therefore, hate crimes have dropped six percent in the last two years." All of these are terrible methods to use when defending your argument. Here are a few more methods to avoid if you want a strong argument: using bad examples, using ignorance as proof, using bad proof all together, reaching a ba conclusion, and having a disconnect between the proof and conclusion.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 13

                       When you are arguing by using logic as your defense,  then you are using logos. There are many tools that you can use when using logos, one of these being induction. Induction is argument by example, at least, when it is being used in rhetoric. It starts with a specific and moves to the general. It is the opposite of another type of logos argument, deduction. Deductive logic is interprets the circumstance through an existing belief. It applies a general principle to a particular  matter. Rhetorical deduction uses a commonplace to reach a conclusion, interpreting the circumstances through beliefs and values. Meanwhile, inductive logic uses the circumstance to form a belief. Inductive logic works best when you're not sure whether or not your audience shares a common place. There are three kind of examples to use in inductive logic: fact, comparison, and story.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 12

                                  Facts are something that can make or break you in an argument. If you have facts that can support your argument, then it is very wise to use them. However, if there are facts that can disprove your argument, it is wise to avoid them. Instead, there are a few tricks that you can use to distract from the fact that your facts do not hold up. For one, you can redefine your term. For example; if you are trying to prove a theory, and your audience points out that the definition of a theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained, you could redefine the term and say that a theory is actually a proposed explanation whose status is still conjectural and subject to experimentation, in contrast to well-established propositions that are regarded as reporting matters of actual fact.This would prove your argument correct and would disprove your audience counter argument, even though they had a fact that would have disprove your argument. If that doesn't work however, you can argue that your opponent's argument is irrelevant or less important than yours. There are times that your audience actually unknowingly helps your argument out, and in these moments you can use this in your favor. If your opponents uses terms that actually favor you, use them to attack. Then, use terms that contrast with your opponent's terms to make them look bad.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 11

                                   Before you begin an argument, you must first figure our what your audience is thinking. You need to know their beliefs and values to know how to speak to them. The common sense of your audience is the beginning point of your argument. To shift people's point of view, you need to start from their position, not yours. This is known as spotting the common place. Common place is the viewpoint that your audience has in common. If you walked into a synagogue, then the common place between the audience would be that they all are Jewish. Therefore, you could not just start an argument by using science to back evolution, or else your audience would just shut you out. You would have to start out by talking about the Jewish religion and work it into your argument, and then talk about the science backing evolution. That way, you would have a much stronger chance of not losing your argument. Sometimes, the common place can be harder to spot. In most cases, your audience will continuously bring it up and try to talk about it. This is know as babbling, and is a great way to find an audience's commonplace.Another good common place spotter is rejection. When your audience turns you down, listen to the language it uses. Chances are, you will hear their common place. When you are sure that you know the audience's commonplace, try applying the common place label. To do this, simply apply the common place to some sort of ides, that way if anyone rejects it, they will seem like an outsider because it would be disagreeing with their common place.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 10

                                   When using pathos, there are times in which an audience's angry emotional response can be more intense than you had anticipated. In such cases, use a passive voice. A passive voice is redirecting an audience's anger away from someones, and implying that the action happened on its own. However, using a passive voice can sometimes be seen as lying or talking down to your audience. In order to prevent any more anger, it is important to use a comforting voice. This can also be known as a cognitive ease. It is the act of keeping your audience in an easy, docile, instinctive state, and can help to counter or prevent anger. To achieve comfort, keep things simple, empower your audience,  and try to get them to smile. If you can, get your audience to laugh by using humor. Laughter is a wonderful calming device, and it can enhance your ethos if you use it properly. Urbane humor plays off a word or a part of speech. Wit is situational humor. Facetious humor is joke telling, a relatively ineffective form of persuasion. Banter, the humor of snappy answers, works best in rhetorical defense. It uses concession to throw the opponent's argument back at them. And lastly, you can calm an individual's emotion in advance by overplaying it yourself. This works especially well when you skrew up and want to prevent the wrath f your audience. This method is known as backfire.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 9

                              Emotion comes from experience and expectation. Experience is what your audience believes has happened, while expectation is what your audience believes will happen in the future. The more vividly you give the audience the sensation of an experience, the greater the emotions that arouse. The manipulation of these emotions is known as pathos, one of the ways to persuade an audience in an argument. If you want to have you audience on your side of an opinion, it is vital to recreate an experience for them so that they can relate and understand your point of view. If you said to your audience that they shouldn't like your grandmother because she says rude things, they probably would not care. After all, they do not know what kind of rude things that she says, how often she says them, or even what you would classify as rude. However, if you told your audience that you have seen her use multiple racist, homophobic, and Islamophobic centered slurs and insults, they would be much more inclined to agree that she is not very kind and they would not like her, which is what you wanted them to do. Another way to use experience and expectation is through storytelling. Storytelling is a well told narrative that gives the audience a virtual experience, especially if it calls on their own past experiences, and if you tell it in the first person. Using tools like the volume control in your voice and using simple terms and words can really help make the storytelling more relate able and understood by your audience.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 8

                  In a successful argument, it is important to make the audience feel as if they are winning. This lowers their defenses, making it much easier and more effective to persuade them. One way of doing this is by acting as if the choice you advocate hurts you personally. This method makes the audience think that you are making some sort of sacrifice for their benefit. For example, "I am willing to give you 25% off on these new shoes, even though I could get into a real run in with my boss for it, but only if you order now and pay full shipping." Now, the audience feels as if they have won some grand prize, even though this was your intention all along. Another way to trick your audience is to convince them that you don't have any tricks at all. If you allow yourself to be seen as a real human being, people will sympathize with yo much more. If you act cocky and over confident, people will assume that you are trying to cheat them out of something. And lastly, you can trick your audience by coming to a "reluctant conclusion." This is when you act as if you reached your conclusion only because of an overwhelming sense of righteousness, therefore tricking the audience into thinking that they have persuded you when really it was the other way around.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 7

                 

                              We, as an audience, are always looking for practical wisdom when listening to someone. Therefore, when attempting to persuade an audience, you need to have practical wisdom. The audience should consider you a sensible person, as well as knowledgeable in your particular craft. If you want to be an actor, it is better to have an acting degree verses a degree in law. Having practical wisdom implies that you have common sense in your craft and that you can get things done. It helps your audience trust that you know what you are talking about.To help prove you practical wisdom, be sure to bring up your experience and prove to your audience why you are qualified. In other words, just show off your experience. It is also important to note that, i an argument, there will be times in which you will need to take the highroad and take the middle coarse. What does this mean exactly? It mean that sometimes there is no way to fully win an argument and receive everything that you were hoping to gain. Instead, you must make a compromise that you and your audience can agree on for you to both walk away happy. For example, say you wanted to distribute you and your partner's store's profits 70/30 because you worked harder, but they want the profits to be split 50/50 because you own the same amount of the store. You know that your partner isn't going to accept your offer s the argument continues, but you do not think that 50/50 is fair. Therefore, you offer to split the profits 60/40, and your partner agrees. Neither one of you gt exactly what you wanted, but you each of you leave happy. This middle course is sometimes the best way to end an argument without destroying relationships and allowing each party member to feel satisfied.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 6

                            When arguing, you need to have a virtue or a cause. This is so your audience can believe you and share your values. For example, you cannot just talk about dogs and have no real purpose or point. If you did, then your audience could not share any sort of connection with you. You must have a cause to obtain this. For example, instead of just talking about dogs, how about talking about how many need adopting because they are dying of starvation out on the streets? This would connect with your audience and help them to share your beliefs and values.You must also know your craft in order to appear to know the right thing to do on every occasion. Even if you talk about the homeless dogs needing adoption, if someone asks you a question about how you plan on getting the dogs off the streets or where you plan on putting them, and you do not have a proper answer, you will just come off as dumb and unprepared. You need to know all of the answers to any potential questions if you want to win your audience over. Also, show off your experience! If you have been taking care of dogs for 30+ years and understand the need for more adoptions, flaunt it. You want people to know what you know, allowing you to gain their trust. After all, would you want a plumber fixing your pipes who just stated last Thursday? Or do you want one who has been in the trade for over half of her lifetime ago? And if someone can brag for you, let them. Show your audience that people like you and are willing to take a stand for you.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 5

                           When in an argument, one commonly used method is ethos. Ethos is the use of character or position of power to sway your audience. This method is a great example of "survival of the fittest", as it displays that if one radiates a sense of authority, then they are much more likely to be taken seriously and have their point put across. The act of putting on this sense of authority is known a decorum. Everybody uses decorum to some degree in their every day life. after all, you would not expect to prove a point to your boss with a sloppy haircut and sweatpants, no matter how right you were. Decorum can also be in the way we talk, too. Many people use political correctness to show respect and to seem much more scholarly. This is the key to getting people to like you, which happens to be the name of this chapter. You must give off a sense power and kindness if you want people to like and, in return, listen to what you have to say and take your point seriously in an argument. If you show that you respect a person and that you do not mess around, you will also give off a sense of stability and trust to your audience.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 4

                          In any persuasive argument, there are three tactics available to use to win your audience over. These three tactics are known as ethos, pathos, and logos. The ethos tactic is an argument by character in which someone's position of authority is used to sway the audience. For example, "You must listen to me and do as I say because I am your boss." Pathos is an argument by emotion in which you connect with the audience's emotions to sway them into agreeing with you. For example, "If you do not donate to the animal shelter, an innocent puppy is going to die." Logos is an argument by logic in which you use facts and figures to prove yourself right. For example, "In professional soccer, women are paid four times less as men, even though they have preformed much better in past games. Therefore, the wage gap should be abolished." Pathos has been noted by being one of the more effective argument strategies. With pathos, you can align yourself with your audience and make them feel for you, ultimately forcing them to agree with you or else they will feel very guilty.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 3

                            What you wish to gain from an argument is known as your personal goals. However, your audience has goals too. Therefore, it is very important to ask yourself, "what is the issue of this moment that is starting this argument?" Any issue that it could possibly be will fall into one of these categories: blame, values, or choices. Blame is a category that focuses on past events such as, "she STOLE my purse", or, "I NEEDED help and you WEREN'T there". Values are a category that focuses on present events such as, "Should abortion be legal". Choices are a category that focuses on future events such as, "WHEN can I have my car back". Knowing the issue at hand and what tense it is in can give you a key advantage in winning the argument and knowing how to confront the problem.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 2

          

                There are two types of arguments: arguments meant to solve a problem where the opponents work together, and arguments meant for the opponents to attack each other, other known as fights. This is what separates a healthy argument with an infirm one. Many, if not most, healthy arguments have qualities of seduction involved in them that can help the combatants to see eye to eye and end on a happy note. However, whether seduction was used or not, to succeed in an argument, you mus persuade your audience. If you or your audience resolves to using physical violence or obscure dialect (i.e. screaming, yelling, e.t.c.), it is no longer classified as an argument, it is classified as a fight. Arguments must be done skillfully and patiently with the object to achieve, not to win. When the object is to win, then you are fighting, not arguing.

Thank You For Arguing Chapter 1

                Throughout history, people have been studying the science of arguing. This concept is known as 'rhetoric' . Masters of this concept are capable of persuading anyone into seeing their point of view and gaining something by the end of an argument. This has lead to many great writers, such as Shakespeare, to use the art of the rhetoric in their works and making it a staple in any advanced literature. The purpose of this book is to teach the reader how to master the rhetorical tricks and become a great speaker. Throughout history, people have been studying the science of arguing. This concept is known as 'rhetoric' . Masters of this concept are capable of persuading anyone into seeing their point of view and gaining something by the end of an argument. This has lead to many great writers, such as Shakespeare, to use the art of the rhetoric in their works and making it a staple in any advanced literature. The purpose of this book is to teach the reader how to master the rhetorical tricks and become a great speaker.